April 30th, 2004
Frans Provoost, Eindhoven University of Technology
Sjef Cobben, Eindhoven University of Technology
Jeroen van Waes, Holland Railconsult
Maarten van Riet, Nuon Technical Projects and Consultancy
Lex van Deursen, Eindhoven University of Technology
Read full article December 31st, 2003
Throughout the world, the deregulation of utilities like gas, railway, water and telephone is at the centre of many governments’ economic policy. The liberalisation process of electricity, however, is slower than anticipated. Both in Europe and North-America, for various reasons, a full-scale implementation of the liberalization of the market is being hindered. A lack of sufficient physical capacity to allow cross-border trade of electricity is only one of those reasons.
Read full article June 30th
This Application Note discusses the principles of earthing electrode design with particular emphasis on earth potential distribution of various electrode geometries.
Read full article December 20th, 2002
Yes, this is in fact sometimes forwarded as an advantage of the TN-C wiring system, and it is really one, but it is the only one except a minor cost saving, whereas you have to be careful not to confuse costs with prices.
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Indeed this is presently one of the open gaps in the new EMC strategies of EN standards that standardisation boards are now striving to fill in. A dedicated DKE working board is presently dealing with this special issue. It used to be common practice and was even compulsory to earth the star connection of any transformer or generator feeding into a low voltage supply system.
Read full article May 15th
Power quality has become a major concern for a large number of industrial sites and buildings. This guide provides an easy-reference to the major power quality phenomena, the problems they are causing, and measures to avoid those problems. It is unlikely that a single solution will be effective. Careful design of a solutions mix, tailored to the PQ problems experienced, and based on a detailed understanding of the causes of the PQ problems, is needed.
Read full article June 1st, 2001
Most electric power markets across Europe and North America have either recently adopted smart electric meters, or plan to do so in the near future. Specific smart meter technologies vary across manufacturers and locations, but all smart meters have one thing in common: the ability to transmit real-time electricity use from the point of use to the provider.
Read full article March 15th
Today, nearly every piece of electrical equipment generates harmonic currents and voltages. This Application Note gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the subject. It explains why harmonic problems have been increasing over recent years, how they are generated, and by which type of equipment. It presents an overview of the various problems harmonic currents can create.
Read full article January 1st, 2000
With motors using typically 65% of site energy consumption, saving even 3% is well worth doing. How much extra product would you need to sell to make as much extra profit as using HEMs?
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