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How much energy per Megawatt for wind?
Submitted by Evelyn Knezovich on Tue, 2008-01-08 17:47.

Hello,
My name is Evelyn Knezovich and I am a 9th grade high school student enrolled in a school that specifies in teaching advanced math and science courses. We have an entire month where we are focused on our science projects. There is a wind farm planning on being build in Virginia (where I live) and many people dont think that it will be worth building if no money will be made in the long run. The purpose of my project this year is to determine if there will be sufficient wind on an annual basis, to validate the expense of building and operating a nineteen turbine wind farm, in the Allegheny Highland area of Virginia. By using United States climatology resources and studying annual wind data and maps from a variety of sources, including the University Research Projects, private organizations, and government agencies; and by calculating wind farm manufacture and operating costs, the analysis will suggest that there will not be enough wind on an annual basis to generate a sufficient amount of power to justify the cost of construction and annual maintenance of the Highland New Wind Development farm. I would appreciate so much if you could help me by sending me data from the Horse Hollow II wind farm (Texas) or Altamont Pass wind farm (Calfornia) telling me how many megawatts one wind turbine will produce, preferably on average each day or weekly. If you cannot give me the megawatts produced for one turbine, could you send me the produced amount for the entire wind farm and the number of wind turbines which make that average? If you cannot give me the daily or weekly megawatts production, could you send me monthly or possibly even yearly? I need some kind of data or I have no project. I would appreciate it so much if you could send me something. It would be convenient to have this information by at least the 22nd or 23rd. (I am recording wind speeds and directions for the area of this wind farm during the two week period of January 7th through the 21st. This would help me immensely. Please email back so I will know what to expect.
Thank you so much for your time,
Evelyn Knezovich

Energy output of wind plants not so easy to determine
Getting information about the actual kWh produced is very hard. You can ask the owner of the wind farms for these information. Perhaps he is willing to share it with you. If you look at the website of the American Wind Energy Association you can see an overview of wind farms per state. According this overview the Horse Hollow wind farm has 291 GE turbines (1.5 MW) and 130 Siemens Turbines (2,3 MW), total is about 735.5 MW. Sadly no information about the produced kWh has been given. The altamont pass has about 586 MW with several turbine size variations. The annual energy output (1998) was 637 M kWh.
The output of a wind turbine depends on the turbine’s size and the wind’s speed through the rotor. Wind speed is a crucial element in projecting turbine performance and can be measured through wind resource assessment prior to a wind systems construction. The power available in the wind is proportional to the cube of its speed, which means that doubling the wind speed increases the available power by a factor of eight. Thus, a turbine operating at a site with an average wind speed of 12 mph could in theory generate about 33% more electricity than one at an 11-mph site, because the cube of 12 (1,768) is 33% larger than the cube of 11 (1,331). (In the real world, the turbine will not produce quite that much more electricity, but it will still generate much more than the 9% difference in wind speed.) The important thing to understand is that what seems like a small difference in wind speed can mean a large difference in available energy and in electricity produced, and therefore, a large difference in the cost of the electricity generated. Since you measure the wind speed, you can ask the manufacturer of the windturbine to provide a so called P-v curve. With this curve you can see how much power the turbine produced at different wind speed. See also the application note on wind energy.
If you do not have information from the wind farm owner or information from the turbine manufacturer, you can make a very rough rule of thumb by using the capacity factor. The capacity factor is one element in measuring the productivity of a wind turbine or any other power production facility. It compares the plant's actual production over a given period of time with the amount of power the plant would have produced if it had run at full capacity for the same amount of time.
Capacity factor = actual amount of power produced over time / power that would have been produced if turbine operated at maximum output 100% of the time.
A wind plant is "fueled" by the wind, which blows steadily at times and not at all at other times. Although modern utility-scale wind turbines typically operate 65% to 90% of the time, they often run at less than full capacity. According the AWEA, a capacity factor of 25% to 40% is common, although they may achieve higher capacity factors during windy weeks or months. However if you calculate with the above given information the capacity factor of the Altamont pass it shows to be: 637 M kWh / (586 MW * 8760 h / 1000) = 12.4%.
If you don’t get any information from manufacturer or owner of the wind farm, calculate with different capacity factor’s so you can establish at which capacity factor the wind farm makes sense.
high school student with project
Thank you for your time and helpful reply but i do have a few questions about your reply. I am not very familiar with wind turbine terms such as...
1) How, if I have an average wind velocity for a 2 week period, do I find the megawatts produced in those 2 weeks?
2) Do you know how much each megawatt costs? (to find out the approximate yearly income)
energy & power
You need to make a clear distinction between Megawatt, the power of the turbine, and MWh, the energy it produces. 1 MWh = 1 MW * 1 hour.
You can find the answer to question one in this application note.
Question 2 should read 'what revenue can a wind operator expect per MWh generated?' A simple answer to this question could be to use the industrial electricity cost as a benchmark - see this map. In practice, electricity prices vary seasonally and with the time of day. Moreover, often wind power generation receives incentives, such as feedin tariffs, or green power certificates.
recent evaluation of a wind project in Maine
Here is a clip from a LIHEAP funded BERGEY 10 KW wind mill installed in a marginal wind area....
"West said that the wind turbine and tower cost $40,190. The installation cost was $24,346. The REACH grant covered the entire $64,536 needed for the project, and a 3-year maintenance package was included in the deal." http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/42211.pdf
There is no output data; you'd have to contact the site for the logger. If the 'big wind' evaluations in Europe hold true, the actual output is approx. 25% of the rated output.
Being a curious person you should contact them for a summary of their log data, down time; additional costs and the cost of their grid tied power.
Maine is has an obsolete net metering law; so energy credits earned- I assumed this windmill is grid tied and there are no batteries involved; aren't carried over from year to year.
My social concern is that the money for this project came from LIHEAP money; and this winter we have thousands of mainers going without electric or heat that could have been funded from this somewhat ostentatious show of wind-power. ....if this outrages you, consider the Alaskan tribe that took $40,000 to produce a childrens' coloring book on reducing energy consumption.