Energy storage systems—Characteristics and comparisons

Decentralised production means greater stability problems for the electricity system. This paper investigates a wide range of storage solutions. Rather than just looking at storage capacity or economics, it considers the very different technical characteristics of storage options in terms of available power, efficiency, durability and reliability.

The review concludes that more insight is needed into the life expectancy and efficiency of emerging storage systems. Also, the study and optimisation of complete systems is needed. Such optimisation study needs to consider economics, technical performance and environmental impact.

Energy storage systems—Characteristics and comparisons

H. Ibrahim, A. Ilinca and J. Perron

Electricity generated from renewable sources, which has shown remarkable growth worldwide, can rarely provide immediate response to demand as these sources do not deliver a regular supply easily adjustable to consumption needs. Thus, the growth of this decentralised production means greater network load stability problems and requires energy storage, generally using lead batteries, as a potential solution. However, lead batteries cannot withstand high cycling rates, nor can they store large amounts of energy in a small volume. That is why other types of storage technologies are being developed and implemented. This has led to the emergence of storage as a crucial element in the management of energy from renewable sources, allowing energy to be released into the grid during peak hours when it is more valuable.

The work described in this paper highlights the need to store energy in order to strengthen power networks and maintain load levels. There are various types of storage methods, some of which are already in use, while others are still in development. We have taken a look at the main characteristics of the different electricity storage techniques and their field of application (permanent or portable, long- or short-term storage, maximum power required, etc.). These characteristics will serve to make comparisons in order to determine the most appropriate technique for each type of application.